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The formative years of the United States were the late 18th century when the country was founded, and a great deal of U.S. culture is couched in the ideals of The Enlightenment.

The Declaration's mission statement about securing life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; French revolution's ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity; and the national motto of E pluribus unum ("From many, one") reflect the country's values and social development. Another primary influence on American culture is the constant stream of new immigrants, many of whom had fled persecution or oppression in their home countries, and were seeking freedom (including religious freedom) and economic opportunity, leading them to reject totalitarian practices.

By and large, Americans value the ideals of individual liberty, individualism, self-sufficiency, altruism, equality, Judeo-Christian morals, free markets, a republican form of government, democracy, populism, pluralism, feminism, and patriotism. (Americans often believe that their patriotism has nuances that differentiate it from nationalism and nationalism's negative connotations.)


Society and economic attitudes

There is a close relationship between America's political and economic traditions: that the individual pursuit of self-interest leads to the best result both for the individual and for society as a whole, is believed to be a successful formula for both economic success and optimal political function. The precise amount of individual economic freedom that Americans should have is often debated, with the (usually slight) differences in opinion marking the major differences between political parties. The end result, however, is that the U.S. economy has become the largest on earth, with most of its citizens enjoying comparatively high living standards.

The fact that the United States is the largest English-speaking marketplace allows firms to compete across the country and to enjoy economies of scale (cost reductions that arise from the huge scale of manufacturing) that reduce prices and benefit consumers. The relatively uniform commercial culture--with many large stores or "chains" operating nationwide--produces a commercial atmosphere that is relatively homogeneous throughout the country.

The population of the United States tends to be centered in large cities, in marked contrast to the demographics of a century ago, when the country was quite agrarian.

The United States is generally skeptical or hostile toward socialist and communist ideologies, but some of the related movements, such as the labor movement, became a defining part of America's heritage after the New Deal. The country was less affected by socialist ideas in the 20th century than was Europe, and the McCarthy Era and the Cold War as a whole demonstrated a deeply felt hostility to communism, which, especially at that time, was perceived as anti-individualist, undemocratic, and essentially anti-American. They are also evidenced in aspects of social policy (for example, the absence of a national health care system and the constant controversy about the size and role of the government, especially the federal government, in individuals' lives and in states' laws).

The American tradition of free-market capitalism has led the populace (and their leaders) to generally accept the vicissitudes of the free market and the continuous alterations to society that a changing economy implies, although social and economic displacement are common. The result is a flexible, profit-oriented socioeconomic system.


Relationship to other countries/cultures

Some Americans exhibit ethnocentric or insular outlooks, with little interest in the culture or political developments of other countries. For example, as a possible result of this trait, comparatively few books from European countries or Japan are translated for sale in the United States and sales of those that are translated tend to be slow. Imported films are generally less successful than domestic productions. Likewise, imported television shows are also rarely successful, except on PBS, although remakes of foreign shows are increasingly common (though there are of course exceptions, such as anime and Monty Python).

This is emphasized in the Americanization of such television shows as The Office, Queer as Folk, Red Dwarf and even Dad's Army. In this process, the show is often rewritten and localized with American actors cast in the place of their British counterparts. By contrast, in many other countries, films and television programs produced abroad are broadcast unchanged (except for dubbing/subtitling).

Americans also tend to travel to other countries less than citizens of European countries, for example, partly because international travel from the United States typically entails much further distances than for Europeans resulting in much higher costs. The average American worker has fewer vacation days than the average European (10-15 rather than the European average of around 20). America's vast size also enables its citizens to go great distances, and see a variety of places, without leaving the country. For example, one can travel from a near-tropical region (e.g. Southern Texas) to a frigid region (Minnesota). Lifestyles, food, and culture also tends to differ within the different regions.


Body contact and expression

In most regions of the U.S., public display of affection, as well as significant expression of emotion, was historically disapproved and discouraged, prior to the mid-20th century. Such attitudes have seen considerable change, however, with the cultural revolutions of the 1960s and 1970s. There is considerable variation with respect to attitudes, mostly generational in nature, and while Americans are not generally as demonstrative of their affections as, say, Latin Americans or Southern Europeans, they are considerably more so than, for instance, the Northern Europeans or the Japanese, have been historically.


Names
The citizens and many other residents of the United States refer to themselves and each other as Americans, and to their country as the United States or as America. Non-Hispanic Americans understand, and may say, "the Americas" with the meaning of the two major continents of the Western hemisphere, but generally will resist using "America" in that sense, despite that designation's familiarity to Spanish speakers. While to many foreigners "Yankees" is synonymous with the American people, Americans almost always use the term for the sports team, for New Englanders, New Yorkers, or with reference to those living in the northern U.S. in contrast to Southerners. The major exception to that is Americans' occasional ironic usage of "Yankee" (or especially "Yank", construed by Americans as a British usage), in attempting to convey either striving to transcend American parochialism, or resignation to the failure of any such striving. "The States" is a term generally used when referring to the country from an overseas or Canadian vantage point. "The US" or "The U.S." is a casual, short-hand term.
When discussing the American Civil War, Americans use the phrase "the Union" to refer to the states that remained under the control of the federal government in Washington and did not secede to join the Confederacy. The phrase is also occasionally used in contemporary discussions of American federalism and states' rights.

Fairly formal terms, still short-hand, evoking patriotic observances (possibly with irony) are "U.S.A." (with or without the periods, and usually with "the"); a more marked version is "the U. S. of A." The official name of the nation, the "United States of America," is very formal and is most often used in formal government documents, pledges, or ceremonies, but not in colloquial conversations.


Intra-national allegiances

Because of the size and large population of the country, America is often described as a nation of joiners who tend to self-associate with non-familial groups. Individuals tend to perceive themselves as "free agents" rather than bound by family or clan ties.

Group allegiances are sometimes regional, but can also be related to a professional or fraternal organization. For example, residents of North Carolina are proud to be "Tar Heels," Indiana residents are "Hoosiers" and many cities have a strong sense of civic identity, often reinforced by an innocuous but deeply felt rivalry with another local city. An example of such a rivalry exists between the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. A strong rivalry that continues to this day involves the cities of Boston and New York, which is centered around the historic baseball rivalry between the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox.

Recent immigrants tend to congregate with other immigrants from their country of origin, often establishing neighborhoods (sometimes called ethnic enclaves) in cities with popular names like "Chinatown", "Poletown", or "Little Saigon." Second- and third-generation descendants of immigrants tend to have looser affiliations with their ethnic groups.

America has tens of thousands of clubs and organizations, and if a group has a charitable or service orientation, Americans may volunteer their time through those groups. Examples of these groups include the Rotary Club, the Boy Scouts of America, Little League, etc.


Food

Hamburger symbol of United States fast food.

The types of food served at home vary the most and depend upon the region of the country and the family's own cultural heritage. Americanized versions of these cultural foods, such as American Chinese cuisine, sometimes appear. Recent immigrants tend to eat food similar to that of their country of origin. Families that have lived for a few generations in the U.S. tend to eat some combination of that and the food common to the region they live in or grew up in, such as New England cuisine, Midwestern cuisine, Southern cuisine, Tex-Mex cuisine, and Californian cuisine.


Popular culture

The United States is known around the world for the films, shows, and musical performances that it produces. The biggest centers of popular American culture are New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Florida, and Las Vegas. Smaller venues such as Branson, Missouri and Nashville have become popular, but most cities host travelling productions of popular Broadway shows.


Technology and gadgets

Americans, by and large, are often fascinated by new technology and new gadgets. Many of the new technological innovations in the modern world were either first invented in the United States and/or first widely adopted by Americans. Examples are: automobiles, personal computers, the Internet, online shopping, and the iPod. There are also many within the United States that share the attitude that through technology many of the evils in the society can be cured.


Tobacco

Use of tobacco has statistically decreased sharply among Americans; there are strong education effects, with use at only 10% among the college educated, while continuing at 40% among high school dropouts. Users smoke cigarettes; a fraction smoke cigars or pipes. Fewer and fewer public places, or business places, permit smoking. Often smokers are forced outside the building. Some cities and even some states, such as California, New York, New Jersey, Washington, and Florida, prohibit smoking inside public places.


Sports

An Army-Navy basketball game in 1992American sports are quite distinct from those played elsewhere in the world. The "big three" are baseball, football and basketball, which are all popular on both the college and professional levels.

Baseball has a huge following and is referred to as the "national pastime"; Major League Baseball teams play almost every day from April to October.

American football (known simply as "football" in the U.S.) attracts more viewers within the country than baseball nowadays; however, National Football League teams play only 16 regular-season games each year, so baseball is the runaway leader in ticket sales.

Basketball, invented in Massachusetts by the Canadian-born James Naismith, is another popular sport, represented professionally by the National Basketball Association.

NASCAR has also grown from a mainly Southern sport to the second-most-watched sport in America behind football. Less popular, but still considered a major spectator sport, is hockey. Hockey, always a mainstay of Great Lakes area culture, gained tenuous footholds in regions like the Carolinas and Tampa Bay, Florida in recent years, as the National Hockey League pursued a policy of expansion.

Unlike in Europe, Africa, and Latin America, soccer has a relatively small following, and is mostly popular in the more international cities with large immigrant populations, like New York and Los Angeles. Generally few non-Hispanic American adults appear to be attracted to soccer as spectators, but the sport is widely played by children of all backgrounds.

The extent in America to which sports are associated with secondary and tertiary education is unique among nations. Particularly notable in basketball and football, high school and particularly college sports are followed with a fervor equalling or exceeding that felt for professional sports; college football games can draw six-digit crowds and, for upper-tier schools, sports are a significant source of revenue. Though student athletes may be held to significantly lower academic requirements than non-athletes at universities, a minimum standard does exist.


Clothing

Dress was moderately formal until the 1960s, when a revolution took place that stressed casual and informal, and in the Western tradition of pants and a shirt. Exceptions are major cities such as New York and Los Angeles, where many residents embrace a more expensive and "stylish" approach to fashion. Social and business situations may call for tailored suits or other more elegant outfits. Tuxedos and evening dress occasions have become much less common since 1960. The top hat vanished in 1960--along with most millinery. Skirts and dresses are usually exclusively reserved for females. Men wear kilts only as part of celebrations such as parades, or as part of a family reunion tradition. Jeans, a T-shirt and athletic shoes come close to being a "national uniform".

Types of clothing worn often have something to do with which region of the country people live in. Some Texans and residents of the Southwest dress in boots and hats in a style typically associated with traditional cowboys. In the region from New England to New Jersey, preppy style clothing is popular. In the South, people sometimes dress more casually, although formality in certain contexts is valued some parts of the region, a trend which may also influence ethnic groups outside the South, including African Americans.

The greatest variations in dress are related to climate. Easterners generally tend to dress more formally than Westerners, though this is also closely connected with cultural history as well. Residents of northern states wear heavy sweaters, warm, water-resistant boots, stocking caps and heavy coats or down parkas in the cold season. In Hawaii, the Hawaiian shirt as an acceptable item of wear by men has received formal approval by the state legislature. In beach areas and places with relatively warm and consistent climates, especially California, Hawaii, and Florida, "skimpy" clothing is considered acceptable in all but the most formal settings. Cowboy hats, Western boots and large silver belt buckles are found in southwestern and western regions of the United States, particularly Texas and Arizona. However, many from the Southern United States dress in the aforementioned jeans and t-shirt.

The trend toward informality has increased among many segments of society. For instance, students at colleges and universities are often noted for wearing flip flops or thong sandals as well as pajamas to class.


Education
In the American educational system children are generally required to attend school from the age of five or six until age 16, with the majority continuing until they are at least 17 or 18, or have graduated from high school. The public education systems vary from one state to another but generally are organized as follows:

Age five: Kindergarten
Ages six-11: Elementary school. Children start in grade 1 and advance to grade 5 or 6.
Ages 12-14 or 11-14: Junior high school or middle school (usually grades 7-8 or grades 6-8, respectively).

Ages 14-18: High school (usually grades 9-12 or 10-12, depending on whether the community uses middle schools or junior high schools).

The entire span of primary and secondary education, from Kindergarten to grade 12, is often abbrieved in the US as K-12 or K12, which in spoken American English is rendered as "K through 12" or "K 12."

Additionally, many children attend schools before they reach the age of five. These pre-schools are often private and not part of the public educational system although some public school systems include pre-schools.

See also
Why American education is superior


Public education

Public education in the United States is provided by the individual states, not by the federal government (except in the limited circumstances of public schools on military bases, provided for the dependents of members of the armed services). All states provide public school education from kindergarten through the twelfth year of high school free of charge (except for 15 school districts in New Hampshire which do not offer kindergarten); further, the federal government does not establish a standard nationwide curriculum. Rather, the curriculum is typically established by state educational departments or local school districts, and teachers in many districts may have wide discretion to determine what is taught in the classroom.

Increasingly, however, more comprehensive statewide curricula are being developed. Also, as of 2005, there is increasing state and federal pressure to quantify teaching efficacy using results from standardized tests (cf. No Child Left Behind), which tends to lead to a more uniform curriculum. This trend toward educational standardization, which has been attributed with a concommittant decline in flexibility in teaching, and other reforms—such as the use of whole language methodology for teaching reading in primary school, instead of the more traditional phonics-based approach—promoted in recent years have been controversial. Other criticisms of recent educational trends include an increasing lack of post-secondary scholarships and subsidies.

Funding of the public school systems is most often provided primarily at the local level,with money obtained from county or city property taxes used to fund the public schools (in conjunction with additional funds from the state and federal governments).


Private education

Private school education in the United States at the primary and secondary levels generally receives little or no governmental support in the form of direct funding or subsidies, although non-profit bodies running private schools may receive favorable tax status. Conversely, because of the constitutional prohibition regarding governmental establishment of religion, most private religious schools are in fact barred from such direct governmental support.

Most of the private institutions have traditionally been religious institutions funded by, for example, Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish communities. Some private secular schools, military schools, and multi-lingual schools also exist. Private secular and multi-lingual elementary and secondary education may cost $10,000 to $20,000 per year per student in large metropolitan areas, placing these schools out of reach of all but the wealthiest of middle- and upper-class families. However, many of these schools provide academic scholarships and need-based assistance. Religious schools vary in price, from nearly free to costs on par with private secular schools. Poorer families may send their children to these lower-priced schools for a religious education, or because they consider the schools better than the available public schools. Home schooling is allowed in many states and is an alternative for a small minority of households. The motivation for home schooling is often religious or political. Many times, home schooling is used because of particular sports.


Higher education

The United States is a great center of higher education, boasting more than 1,500 universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher learning.

Common postgraduate degrees are master's degrees or Ph.D.s, or specialized professional degrees such as a J.D. for a lawyer, an MBA for a businessperson, a Pharm.D. for a pharmacist or an M.D. for a physician.

As with the lower level public education system, there is no national public university system in the United States; each state has its own public university system. There are also many privately run colleges, universities, and trade schools, some of them religiously affiliated. State university tuition ranges from nearly free on up, but is generally significantly lower than at private schools, and is often lower for state residents than for out-of-state students.

The most prestigious private universities of the United States are the eight Ivy League schools. There are also a set of public schools known as the Public Ivies. All around the country, there are also many other colleges and universities, both public and private and of a variety of sizes, whose names carry prestige.

The U.S. federal government does provide some federal grants and loans for higher education to many families. Most universities offer academic scholarships and need-based aid; however, many students assume some of the cost of their own education through work and loans.

Students seeking officership in the United States Military may enroll in ROTC courses at most colleges and universities, or in one of service academies, such as West Point or Annapolis.


Language

The primary, although not official, language of the United States is American English. Other languages that are considered to be important to U.S. culture include:

Spanish because of the proximity of and immigration from Mexico and other Spanish-speaking countries of the Caribbean and Central and South America, as well as the cultural crossover of the borderlands,

the native Hawaiian language,

Korean, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Tagalog due to immigration from the countries where those languages are spoken, and

to a certain extent French, primarily in far north New England, due to the Acadian-Canadian influence, and in Louisiana (Cajun).

There are more than 300 languages besides English which can claim native speakers in the United States--some of which are spoken by the indigenous peoples (about 150 living languages) and others which were imported by immigrants. Creoles native to the United States include Gullah and Cajun, both spoken in the Southeast. American Sign Language, used mainly by the deaf, is also native to the country.

There are four major regional dialects in the United States--northeastern, south, inland north and midlands. The midlands accent (considered the "standard accent" in the United States, and analogous in some respects to the received pronunciation elsewhere in the English-speaking world) extends from what were once the "Middle Colonies" across the Midwest to the Pacific states.


Religion


Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, seat of the Los Angeles Diocese of the Catholic Church
Historically, United States religious tradition has been primarily Protestant Christianity, but this tradition coexists in a public sphere where religious plurality and secularism are the norm. For example, the United States Constitution enshrined individual freedom of religious practice, which courts have since interpreted to mean that the government is a secular institution, an idea called "separation of church and state".

While the many Christian sects have the most adherents, many other faiths are also popular. No one religion holds sway over the entirety of the population. "Culture wars" often have roots in religious differences, but religious violence is virtually nonexistent and roundly condemned by religious as well as non-religious individuals. U.S. people as a whole attend religious services more often than do their peers in most Northern European countries. In fact, the U.S. is rare among industrialized nations in that most of its citizens consider themselves religious. It is not, however, as religious as many of its neighbors in the New World.

According to the 2001 American Religious Identity Survey (ARIS), 76.5% of United States residents, or 159 million people, identify themselves as Christians; 13.2% or 27.5 million identify as non-religious or secular. Other faiths represented include the 1.3% (or 2.8 million) of U.S. people who identify themselves as Jewish; 0.5% (1 million) who identify themselves as Muslim; 0.5% (1 million) who identify themselves as Buddhists; 0.5% (991,000) who identify as agnostic; 0.4% (902,000) who identify as atheist; 0.4% (766,000) identify as Hindu; and 0.3% (629,000) who identify as Unitarian Universalist.

According to the same study, the major Christian denominations (making up the vast majority of faiths actively practiced in the United States) are (in order): Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Pentecostal (aka Charismatic or Evangelical), Episcopalian, Latter-Day Saints, Church of Christ, and Congregational.

According to other studies, as reported by the Statistical Abstract of the United States, Americans' self-reported religious affiliations are 56% Protestant Christianity, 27% Catholic Christianity, 2% Judaism, 1% Orthodox Christianity, 1% Mormon Christianity, 5% "other specific", and 8% "other" or "did not designate." Some 68% of Americans are members of a place of worship, and 44% attend that place of worship regularly.


Work and jobs


Commuting to work in the US - by car
Commuter traffic jam

Most people commute to work using automobiles rather than mass transit; the effect of the automobile on the United States is significant.


Most jobs are based on a 40-hour work week; that is, five days (Monday through Friday), eight hours per day. The United States has minimum wage laws requiring a minimum wage for many employees, though a number of employment sectors are excluded. Minimum wage differs from state to state; some states have higher minimum wages than the wage mandated by the federal government.

Vacations are usually two weeks. Other company benefits may include sick days and/or personal days. Americans usually retire at the age of 65, but may retire earlier if their pension plans/financial status permits it.


Housing

Immediately after World War II, Americans began living in increasing numbers in the suburbs, belts around major cities with higher density than rural areas, but much lower than urban areas. This move has been attributed to many factors such as the automobile, the availability of large tracts of land, the increasing violence in urban centers (see white flight), and the cheapness of housing. These new single-family houses were usually one or two stories tall, and often were part of large contracts of homes built by a single developer. The resulting low-density development has been given the pejorative label "urban sprawl."


Romantic relationships

Couples often meet through religious institutions, work, school, or friends. "Dating services," services that are geared to assist people in finding partners, are popular both on and offline.

The trend over the past few decades has been for more and more couples deciding to cohabitate before, or instead of, getting married. The 2000 Census reported 9.7 million different-sex partners living together and about 1.3 million same-sex partners living together. These cohabitation arrangements have not been the subject of many laws regulating them, though some states now have domestic partner statutes and judge-made palimony doctrines that confer some legal support for unmarried couples.

Marriage laws are established by individual state. Same-sex marriage is currently legal only in Massachusetts. Two other states, Connecticut and Vermont, allow same-sex couples access to state-level marriage benefits with civil unions. In many states, it is illegal to cross state lines to obtain a marriage that would be illegal in the home state. Married couples typically reside in their own dwelling.


Marriage ceremonies
The typical wedding involves a couple proclaiming their commitment to one another in front of their close relatives and friends and presided over by a religious figure such as a minister, priest, or rabbi, depending upon the faith of the couple. In Christian ceremonies, the general practice is for the bride's father to "give away" the bride to the groom. Secular weddings are also common, often presided over by a judge, Justice of the Peace, or other municipal official.


Divorce
Divorce, like marriage, is the province of the state governments, not the federal government. Divorce laws vary from state to state, but no-fault divorce on the grounds of "irreconcilable differences" is now available in all states except New York (whose nearest equivalent requires a one-year separation).

Prior to the 1970s, divorcing spouses had to allege that the other spouse was guilty of a crime or sin like abandonment or adultery; when spouses simply could not get along, lawyers were forced to manufacture "uncontested" divorces. The no-fault divorce revolution began in 1969 in California; South Dakota was the last state to allow no-fault divorce, in 1985.
State law provides for child support where children are involved, and sometimes for alimony. The divorce rate in the United States has been climbing for decades, and as of 2004 hovers around 50%.

During the 1990s, unpaid child support came to be seen as a major contributor to the growth of federal welfare programs. Congress partially federalized child support law to make it easier for custodial parents to locate noncustodial parents and seize their wages and assets.


Death rituals
Americans. Funerals are held to honor the "passing away" of the individual. Unlike many other cultures, even that of neighboring Mexico, death is looked upon by most Americans as a much greater sadness, and is dealt with in a much more subdued manner. Nonetheless, the majority of Americans do not express the same high degree of emotion as would be found in some other cultures, such as those of Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. Whereas some cultures may celebrate the passing of an individual with music which the deceased enjoyed or wearing colors that were favorites of the dead acquaintice, in the United States, the death of a loved one is typically seen as a time to mourn deeply, wearing all black, and making the pain and sadness that one is feeling known. However, certain segments of American culture, such as residents of New Orleans, have historically been associated with a very different attitude toward funerals, such as that embodied in the Jazz funeral tradition.

The deceased person is typically placed in a coffin and are generally embalmed and often displayed in a chapel or funeral home for a day or two (occasionally longer) before being buried in the ground. Most adherents of Judaism, however, do not have their loved ones embalmed. Cremation, an increasingly common practice, involves the burning of the body to ashes, which are then stored in an urn or scattered over a site or location significant to the deceased.
Unlike some countries, including Western Europe, where the body remains in the cemetery only for a limited period of time—e.g., 20 years—in the United States there is typically no limit.


Gender roles
Since the 1970s, traditional gender roles of male and female have been increasingly challenged by both legal and social means. Today, there are far fewer roles that are legally restricted by one's sex. The military remains a notable exception, where women may not be put into direct combat by law. Asymmetrical warfare however has put women into situations which are direct combat operations in all but name.

Most social roles are not gender-restricted by law, though there are still cultural inhibitions surrounding certain roles. More and more women have entered the workplace, and in the year 2000 made up 46.6% of the labor force, up from 18.3% in 1900. Most men, however, have not taken up the traditional full-time homemaker role; likewise, few men have taken traditionally feminine jobs such as receptionist or nurse (although nursing was traditionally a male role before the US Civil War).


Family arrangements

Nuclear family living patterns
Beginning in the early 20th century, the two-parent family known as the nuclear family was the predominant American family type. Children live with their parents until they go away to a college or university, or until they acquire their own jobs and decide to move out into their own apartment or home. Children are expected to be out of the house by their mid 20s. While in some cultures (Asian, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean) it is acceptable for an adult to remain in the parental household, a person over 25 living with their parents is viewed negatively by most Americans. This may come from the long tradition of individualism. Unconsciously, many Americans don't consider a person a "true adult" until he or she moves out of the parental nest. There are some exceptions to this custom, especially among Italian and Hispanic Americans, and in the extremely expensive regions of New York City, California, and Honolulu, where rents of $800 to over $1000 per month are the norm.

In the early to mid-20th century, the father typically was the sole wage earner and the mother was the children's principal caregiver. Today, often both parents hold jobs. Dual-earner families are the predominant type for families with children in the US. Increasingly, one of the parents has a non-standard shift (that is, a shift that does not start in the morning and end in the late afternoon). In these families, one of the parents manages the children while the other works.
Before they start school, adequate day care of children is necessary for dual-earner families; many private companies and home-based day care centers fulfill this need. Increasingly, corporate sponsorship of day care is occurring, as well as government assistance to parents requiring day care.


Single-parent living patterns
Single-parent households are households consisting of a single adult (most often a woman) and one or more children. These types of households have been increasing in number and, today, the majority of black households are single parent households. For whites, Hispanics, and other races, the predominant family household is still the two-parent family. Although the United States has a larger number of single-parent households than it did in the past, countries such as England have a higher percentage of single-parent households than the United States.

In the single-parent household, one parent typically raises the children with little to no help from the other. This parent is the sole breadwinner of the family and thus these households are particularly vulnerable economically. They have higher rates of poverty, and children of these households are more likely to have educational problems.


Regional distinctions

Variations
Variations in the majority traditions occur due to class, racial, ethnic, religious, regional and other groups of people.

Cultural differences in the various regions of the United States are explored in the New England, Mid-Atlantic States, U.S. Southern States, Midwest, Southwest United States and The West pages.

Puerto Rico has a largely separate culture from the mainland United States.


Rural living patterns

The population of rural areas has been declining over time as more and more people migrate to cities for work and entertainment. The great exodus from the farms came in the 1940s; in recent years fewer than 2% of the population lives on farms (though others live in the countryside and commute to work). Electricity and telephone, and sometimes cable and Internet services are available to all but the most remote regions. As in the cities, children attend school up to and including high school and only help with farming during the summer months or after school.


Suburban living patterns

United States suburbiaAbout half of Americans now live in what is known as the suburbs. The suburban nuclear family has been identified as part of the "American dream": a married couple with children owning a house in the suburbs.

This archetype is reinforced by mass media, religious practices, and government policies and is based on traditions from Anglo-Saxon cultures.


One of the biggest differences in suburban living is the housing occupied by the families. The suburbs are filled with single-family homes separated from retail districts, industrial areas, and sometimes even public schools.

Urban living patterns
Aside from housing, which may include more apartments and semi-attached homes than in the suburbs or small towns, the major difference from suburban living is the density and diversity of many different subcultures, as well as retail and manufacturing buildings mixed with housing. Urban residents are also more likely to travel by mass transit, and children are more likely to walk or bicycle rather than being driven by their parents.

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No department of life – be it economic, cultural, religious or recreational – has been free from the effect of this great transformation in progress. The old system of classification and stratification of society as a whole is changing gradually and slowly but surely and certainly.

We may go for some little changes. For instance, we may change clothing style. We may change our room setting. We may change our eating stuff. We may do whatever makes us happy.

Movement is the stuff and essence of life, both for individual and the society. From the independence day of August 14, 1947 up to date, Pakistan’s has been a society in transition. The society of Pakistan is dynamic and therefore ever-changing, and its patterns are changing transforming from time to time. The national society has been responding to the challenges of environment, natural and man-made. No department of life – be it economic, cultural, religious or recreational – has been free from the effect of this great transformation in progress. The old system of classification and stratification of society as a whole is changing gradually and slowly but surely and certainly.

The factors and circumstances responsible for these changes can be enumerated as below; partition of sub-continent, technological and scientific inventions, growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion of commercial activities and international trade, changes in the economic structure of the country initiating the industrialization of its economy, the spread of literacy resulting in the rise of a secular intelligentsia, the effect of the spread of different ideologies of different political parties in the country, the impact of the highly developed countries of the world on our society, the working and influence of the trade union and co-operative movement, the expansion of the area reached by the mass media of communication like radio, press, cinema, television etc. migration and finally cultural diffusion.

Changes are the spice of life. Is it true? Of course YES! It is true because everybody needs a change in whatever he is doing. We want changes around us. Monotonous life just makes us feel bored. It is good to have a change. It is not important that we should go for big changes everyday. We may go for little changes that should be pretty affordable. If we are seeking for a healthy and entertaining life then changes are very important. Changes must be positive. If we will go for negative ones then they will obviously have a negative impact upon our lives. Negative impacts are accountable for some more negative changes so we need to be assiduous in this regard.

We may go for some little changes. For instance, we may change clothing style. We may change our room setting. We may change our eating stuff. We may do whatever makes us happy. Whatever you do to have a change but one ting is important that these changes should not bother you in any way. Change your life the way you want to change but be careful that these changes should be better for all.

Quotations regarding title 'Change or changes'
They always say time changes things, but you actually have to change them yourself.
Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987), The Philosophy of Andy Warhol

Only I can change my life. No one can do it for me.
Carol Burnett (1936 - )

Change is the constant, the signal for rebirth, the egg of the phoenix.
Christina Baldwin

We all have big changes in our lives that are more or less a second chance.
Harrison Ford (1942 - ), quoted by Garry Jenkins in 'Harrison Ford: Imperfect Hero'

Things do not change; we change.
Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862), Walden (1970)

Nothing endures but change.
Heraclitus (540 BC - 480 BC), from Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers

It's not that some people have willpower and some don't. It's that some people are ready to change and others are not.
James Gordon, M.D.

Affirmations are like prescriptions for certain aspects of yourself you want to change.
Jerry Frankhauser

Change has a considerable psychological impact on the human mind. To the fearful it is threatening because it means that things may get worse. To the hopeful it is encouraging because things may get better. To the confident it is inspiring because the challenge exists to make things better.
King Whitney Jr.

We did not change as we grew older; we just became more clearly ourselves.
Lynn Hall, Where Have All the Tigers Gone?, 1989

The universe is change; our life is what our thoughts make it.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121 AD - 180 AD), Meditations

There is nothing like returning to a place that remains unchanged to find the ways in which you yourself have altered.
Nelson Mandela (1918 - ), 'A Long Walk to Freedom'

Change your thoughts and you change your world.
Norman Vincent Peale (1898 - 1993)

Turbulence is life force. It is opportunity. Let's love turbulence and use it for change.
Ramsay Clark

The micro credit boom and changing economic setup is a major cause of increasing carbon emissions in Pakistan. People now prefer to use costly items to maintain their standard of living that consume more energy, environmentalists said.

Zikriya Sajjid, a teacher at the University of Karachi (KU), Department of Mass Communication told that adopting simple life style is the only way out to meet the present-day energy crisis and reduce emissions. “We are adopting a luxurious life style, which is leading to environmental problems around ourselves, he added.

The world community is celebrating the Environment Day on June 5 to mark the date of the Stockholm Conference on Human and Environment held on June 5, 1972. Each year, the day is celebrated to promote public awareness about conservation and environmental protection.

The theme for World Environment Day 2008 is ‘Kick the habit: Towards a low-carbon economy’, which emphasizes the need to change lifestyles in order to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Zikriya Sajjid suggested that cheap technology of alternative energy should be promoted so that the common man can afford to have access to this benefit. In this connection, he urged local investors to come forward and manufacture local tools – because presently imported equipment cause more cost up to Rs500 per watt energy. If they manufacture these tools locally it can cost less than Rs300 per watt, which is affordable for ordinary people.

Hardly a few years ago, Pakistan had surplus electricity and offered to India to export electricity to the country. But now, because the citizens have adopted such a high standard of living the government of Pakistan is unable to resolve the energy crisis. The lavish way of life has led to an increase in energy consumption, Zikriya Sajid said, adding that “we are unable to utilize our own resources for addressing the power crisis here.” He suggested that government take steps to introduce wind energy, solar energy and nuclear energy so that emissions can be reduced.

The Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET) has been assigned the responsibility of research and development dissemination to provide training and promote renewable energy technologies in the country. Pakistan started using renewable energy in the 60s when 18 villages were electrified using photovoltaic. Meanwhile, solar panels were used to desalinate seawater at Gwadar, but the progress remained slow.

“Trends of the people of particular area to celebrate the events of happiness and grief according to the preset norms, values and tradition of the particular area or reluctance or acceptance in adoption of new things”.

During the last few years Pakistan adopted variety of things and also abolish lot of things. Adoption rate is so high than the deletion of things. Examples of the culture are the Punjabi, Sindi, Balochi and Phatan culture in Pakistan.

Scientifically culture is the particular habitat where different species of animal lead their lives with a high degree of interdependence. In this culture some animals are powerful while others are weak, stronger animal dominant the weaker one’s and ultimately they swallow the weaker animal’s b/c animal have no knowledge and wisdom. But there is an animal, which has knowledge and wisdom but also, behaves like proud animals, this animal is human being. This animal uses different tools and ways to disgrace weaker section of the community; kill them, abuse them, scold them, laugh at them, make fun of them and ultimately deprives them from their native right of universal freedom and compel them to live just to serve the stronger section of the community. Now the stage drama culture strengthens this process by introducing different new style and words to make laugh someone and disgrace some others.

This culture also has some traditions to make other people laugh by telling lie, joking at them, boasting, making unrealistic stories about other, creation of imaginary writing or acting, the actor are just like the cartoons and the drama is their show in the dual hand of director producer and public in front of stage.

By the last few years this cartoon culture flourished much, which involved people of every age. Every body laughs widely on their act and enjoy themselves. The people feel that they are now free from the bitter reality of the cruel life while watching them. Those who are use to this culture become senseless and have no regard to the people in difficulty but they claim that they are very sensitive b/c they depicts the very minute things “which are usually neglected by the society” in their writing or acting to induce thinking on that point in the society. Infact they have no aim behind this except to attract people’s attention and accumulate money. This drama culture demolishes many traditions and values of our society.

Our society strongly believes in relationships but this culture use these as a source of enjoyment, so the element of respect has completely vanished. The very close relatives i.e. Father, mother, brothers, sisters are the big source of enjoyment for them. They through jokes on them and insult on the stage in the front of hundred of people. They compel their sisters to dance and felt prestige happiness while watching their dance. Although all the relation is temporary in nature but they have used the word dady, mama, brother and sister while acting in the stage play. These relations are losing their sacredness and uniqueness. For these people the words, like Father, mother, brothers, and sisters have no meanings at the stage. They treat all the people same on the stage during play or drama. There is no body younger or elder in play all of equal age so they through jokes on one and other with no regard to the age of targeted person. Some other social relationship is also greatly affected by this drama culture. All close friends and relatives are then the person who are directly or indirectly involve in these activities. Father, mother, brothers, and sisters all are enjoying themselves while working in the play.

Pakistan's fashion revolution has shifted into second gear, evident by the increasing number of designer stores mushrooming all across the cities. Stalwarts like Amir Adnan, HSY, Maheen, Sonya Battla, Deepak Perwani and Karma have enjoyed retail presence for a long time but now, even designers like Nomi Ansari, Sara Shahid, Saman Arif (Nayna) and Zara Shahjahan who have been eyeing the market skeptically, are throwing caution to the wind.

They have realized that the numbers are getting big and the money game bigger. And now when the industry has decided to shake off the stigma of made-to-order bridals, it's time to dive into the mass market head-on and prepare to invest in inexpensive ready to wear, made available in retail aisles of mass market stores. It's the need of the hour and that should become the order of the day.
The habit of continually changing the style of clothing, glasses, shoes, hair styles and even now a days mobiles and vehicles are part of fashions. In modern times fashion is prevailing not only in these things but it is also ranging from colors of insets in a home to offices of multinationals organizations. But generally fashion is taken as how to improve personality and how to look smart and up to date. Both electronic and print media are playing a pivotal role in this regard.

Fashion has gone through changes in this century and especially in women’s fashion, in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex and changing. Fashion, by definition, changes constantly its almost standing alone in comparison with other walks of life as long as change is concerned. But it is actually we who are responsible for changes in fashion as it is rightly said that “Things don’t change, we change”. Young People enjoy the diversity and change in their looks and outfits and they are playing key role to fashion industry .Young boys and girls are always in craze to look smart and up to date. It is also in human nature to look smart and be appreciated by the social circle of one’s own.

You can count Latest Fashion is one of the leading group of fashion industry in Pakistan which satisfies you according to your needs. It has maintained a standard of quality and best services of fashion industry in Pakistan which is flourishing day by day. If you want to know about tunics, tops, blouses, jewelry, gift items, and latest fashion in Pakistan. You can yourself feel the difference of about latest fashion in Pakistan. It has the most glamorous latest fashion in Pakistan to offer along with our quality services to our customers. It have a wide selection of amazingly glamorous products ranging from cloths, women’s wear and men’s wear, jewelry, gift items and all others things. To people seeing, you wear our latest fashion prevailing in Pakistan. If you want to look rare among rare Latest Fashion is the best choice for you. Outstanding in design which best fits to your personality. We also believe in keeping you up to date with different variations in fashion industry. What is need of the hour is to cope with change and Latest Fashion is at its best.

All the effect that I mention above has very strong impact on the mind of the children and the teenager. Although the process of changing believes is very slow but it have everlasting impact. Until we don’t take collectively action to stop this vulgar culture, it can never be stopped. So we should collectively work to stop this to save our nation from destruction.

I acknowledge that enjoyment is the part of the life and life becomes so colorless without this, but there are several means of enjoyment. Enjoyment should be productive, free from prejudices, lies and all kind of cheatings. Now we should be care about the norms and values of the society and we should work together for the sake of these.

Syeda Mahwish Fatima Naqvi

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Asim Jofa Raw Silk or Charmeuse Winter Collection for Women 2013/2014 will be in stores very soon. Fashion lovers are eagerly waiting for Asim Jofa winter collection because they always introduces new ideas or unique designs which everyone like to wear. Asim Jofa winter collection is in stores from 16 December, 2013. The online E-Catalogue of Asim Jofa Raw Silk Charmeuse Collection has been disclosed yesterday.

If you wish to look noticeable and attractive in gatherings; we suggest you definitely buy or wear Asim Jofa winter designs because it have all the good things which is required every woman. You can wear Asim Jofa Winter Designs for any special gatherings like wedding parties, evening parties and get to gather parties.

Asim Jofa winter collection includes the beautiful blend of luxurious embroidered patterns and digital prints over raw silk fabric. The brand uses shocking colors palette like royal red, deep blue, purple, majenta, orange, yellow and black. These all colors are very in nowadays in our fashion industry. The collection accomplishes the latest fashion trend and requirement.

Asim Jofa Winter collection conveys an outstanding existence because it includes finest chiffon fabric as well as all over sequin embroidered front shirt piece and a digitally printed luxurious Charmeuse Silk fabric. Each dress from this collection is paired with heavy worked embroidered sleeves, two meter embroidered border, Raw Silk pants and digitally printed Dupatta.

Asim Jofa fashion label is the most prominent brad that getting popularity in the whole world day by day through its unique ideas in fashion industry. In very short span of time they got huge success and many awards for best designer brand. The fashion brand Asim Jofa has been honored with by IAFA International Asian Fashion Awards as the Best Designer Brand in 2012. The brand deals in women Casual Wear, Formal Wear, Semi-Formal Wear, Western Wear and Raw Silk or Charmeuse.

Asim Jofa Pure Silk or Charmeuse Collection includes following accessories for each dress:-

2 embroidery panels for front
2.5 meter Chiffon Georgette back
2.5 meter Raw Silk Trouser (Dyed)
3 meter embroidered lace
1.5 meter embroidered lace
2.5 meter Silk Dupatta
1.5 meter slip fabric (White)
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Women are really very conscious for her wedding wardrobes because she wishes to look attractive, charming and eye catching in her wedding ceremony. Legendary fashion designer Aamir Baig has been resolved the women tensions now by introducing new unique designs of women wedding dresses which are perfect for every bride because it includes wide unique range of bridal dresses designs.

Pakistani fashion designer Aamir Baig introduced new range of Bridal wear collection 2013/2014 for women. Aamir Baig Bridal Collection is available for sale now at Karachi outlet. This collection is the perfect combination of luxurious women handmade zari work with the combination of pearls, precious stones and dabka heavy work on complete dress.

Each bridal dress in Aamir Baig bridal collection is fully embellished heavily which is the requirement of latest fashion trend of Pakistan fashion industry. Aamir Baig latest bridal collection includes heavily embellished long shirts and trousers and churidaar pajama. The collection is just superb, traditional and elegant.



Renowned Pakistani fashion model Sherry Shah beautifully presents Aamir Baig latest bridal wear collection for women. Photography work of Aamir Baig bridal collection was done by Yasser Sadiq. Makeup & Hair Styling work was done by Wajid Khan.

Aamir Baig is the most popular fashion designer in Pakistan fashion industry for last several years. He gets great success in very short time by introducing new ideas in Pakistan fashion industry. Aamir Baig has completed his Bachelor’s degree from Karachi School of Art. Aamir Baig fashion label deals in bridal wear, prêt wear, party wear, evening wear, casual wear and formal wear. The brand has been nominated for fashion related awards ceremonies many times. The brand is Karachi based.



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Midlengthmen’s hairstyle is a trend
nowadays.2013 brings a lot of new hairstyles for men and mid length
hair is one of new fashions. This length of hairstyle is easy to carry
and look trendy and stylish with. You can make a lot of different styles
with mid length hair. You can take styling options like spike, messy,
simple and any other.

Everyone can adopt styles of their
choice. Medium hairstyles look appropriate on every type of face shape.
If your face shape is round then avoid bangs on the front and sides as
they will make your face look wider. Bangs on front and side are ideal
if you have oblong face. While choosing hairstyle for you make sure it
suits your personality.

More trendy medium length hairstyles
involve cutting of hair in different lengths. Try a hairstyle with a
combination of medium length hair with side bangs. This hairstyle is
quite sexy and attractive. You can also go with spikes. You can use
mousse to stiffen sprigs of the top hair to make style of spikes hair.
It can change your classy mid length hair into modern style and you will
look like a celebrity. 

Most of the mid length hairstyles
involve parting the hair on the one side and combing over. This is a
very simple and decent hairstyle. This hairstyle is perfect for
professionals and businessmen who want to look elegant and formal.

One of the best mid length hairstyles is
a choppy layered haircut. You can carry this haircut with a lot of
different stylish and trendy hairstyles. This hairstyle will give a
stylish, hot and sexy look. You can also go with short sides and medium
length on the top. To make this hairstyle, you have to comb damp hair
with the sides brush down.

You can also make hairstyle by combing
the sides and top of the hair to the back of head. This style is very
popular among teenagers. Messy look in this hairstyle looks very
cute. You can make another style by putting little styling product
in damp hair, run through the hair with fingers from the roots to ends.
Then blow dry while styling hair with fingers. It will give you tousled
effect. Apply hairspray to keep the hairstyle in position. 

There is another hairstyle option for
you which you can make by adding gel to make it shiny. Direct hair on
side from the forehead can be made by using round brush while covering
top of ear. Shaggy hairstyle can also be made in medium hair. For making this style go with layers cut of hair, the bangs are swept on the sides. To separate layers, use your fingers.

With mid length hair you can go with tapered sides. For more stylish and trendy look you can go with blonde hair or highlights. Dye hair
look unique and trendy. The abovementioned hairstyles will make a style
statement. Give a try to anyone of these hairstyles to look stylish.

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It’s time to update your winter
wardrobe. The winter outfits should be the one that not only keep your
warm but also make you look cute. Warm tops, shrugs, coats, jackets and
blazers are the preferable outfits of winter. You have to keep in touch
with latest trends and styles of above mentioned winter outfits. To rock
winter with appealing outfits, you also need to make the use of other
accessories to compliment your outfit.

For ladies, scarves made of wool, caps
and stylish gloves are essential part of their winter wardrobe. There
are different styles of wearing a wool tie and every style is equally
chic. All you need to do is to know the tips that how to make a wool tie
work for you. The trend is also very much inn this winter. You can
match your woolen tie according to the color of your dress. Woolen ties
keep you warm in the cold weather and also looks stylish at the same
time. Moreover, there are different styles of wearing a woolen tie that
will give you a stylish look in cold winter. Let’s check out how to make
a wool tie work for you.

Be Stylish:

To look beautiful and trendy, you need
to be stylish. And to become stylish-you have to wear the outfit that
suits you keeping in mind the current trend. In winter season, the
common outfits are jeans, t-shirts with blazers or long sweaters etc.
You can enhance you stylish look by wearing a wool tie with the winter
outfit. It will not only keep your neck warm but also looks cool. It
will make you look more stylish and trendy.

However, you should know how to carry a
wool tie with you winter outfit. There are several ways to make a wool
tie work for you like you can make a layered knot, simple slip knot,
half bow cinch, fake note and many more. You should be expert in making
different knots so that you can make your wool tie work for you. These
wool ties will allow you to skip buying expensive winter accessories by
giving you a chic look.

Be Funky:

Winter is all about gloom and darkness.
Everything seems dull in this cold weather. You can add colors to this
dark season with your funky collection. Go for colorful wool ties for
winter and rock the winter by playing with colors. There is a huge
collection of colors of wool tie and you can grab the one that you love
the most to wear.

However, you are not confined to one
color only but you can wear all those colors that compliment your
outfit. Bold and light colors-both are equally good to wear in winter.
Make your choice according to your mood and become stylish with zero
effort.

Make Contrasts:

There are different colors available in coats and shrugs and other winter collection.
You have to make good color combinations for your better look. Like if
you’re wearing a dark color outfit then you can go for a light color
wool tie like yellow, light green, pink etc. It will give you a colorful
look and grab the attention of others instantly.

Make a Good Size Tie:

Make the size of your wool tie a medium
one. Neither very long nor too short! You can make the size according to
your height and type of outfit. Usually wool ties look nice with narrow width so make the one that is good to make you look more stylish.

This is all about wool ties that you
wear in winter. Apart from ties, there are also wool scarves that could
be wearing in winter. The style and size of the scarves also varies like
wool tie. Now its up to you that how can make your winter a colorful
one by following some tips and ideas of the season.

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The post Christmas day sales are looming so be the first in the know of secret codes, hottest bargains and amazing discounts on the high street and online. Our Fashion Writer Gemma Gow reveals her top sale tips in this week's LOOK including some exclusive discounts for our lovely readers. Here are the highlights…

Fashion Luxx – Plush fabrics and directional designs are what Fashion Luxx is all about - Get 35% off at fashionluxx.com by entering code LOOK10 at the online checkout. Shop now.

Own The Runway – Own The Runway has just given us yet another reason to get clicking with this season’s sale items – Get 50% off at owntherunway.com using discount code LOOK25 at the online checkout. Shop now.
Jarlo – Online boutique label Jarlo has long been our go-to for quirky dresses and killer prints – Get 40% off at jarlolondon.co.uk using discount code LOOK10 at the online checkout. Shop now.

Daisy Street –  Chockablock with statement prints for spring, as well as pastel knits that are still going strong for next season - Get 75% off  at daisystreet.co.uk using discount code LOOK25 at the online checkout. Shop now.

Adorning Ava – Adorning Ava have already slashed prices on their gorgeous jewellery creations by up to 50% and we’ve bagged you an extra 20% on top of this! Get 70% off at adorningava.com using discount code LOOK20 at the online checkout. Shop now.

Lavish Alice – Packed with pieces you don’t have to wait until spring to wear – Get 80% off at lavishalice.com using discount code LOOK10 at the online checkout. Shop now.

LYDC – From shoppers to satchels to super-glossy clutches, London label LYDC should definitely be on your bag hit list. Get 60% off at lydc.co.uk using discount code LOOK20 at the online checkout. Shop now.

La Moda – With designer looks that totally defy the high-street price tags – Get 60% off at lamodauk.com by entering code LOOK10 at the online checkout. Shop now.

Happy shopping!

Terms and conditions: All discount codes valid until Monday 30th December 2013.

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Chennai Express  

/tʃɨˈnaɪ/ /ɪkˈsprɛs/ is a 2013 Indian romantic action-comedy film^[2][3] directed by Rohit Shetty and produced by Gauri Khan under the film production company Red Chillies Entertainment.^[8] The film features Shahrukh Khan and Deepika Padukone in lead roles. This is the second collaboration between Khan and Padukone after the 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Om.^[9][10] Chennai Express is about a man's journey from Mumbai to Rameshwaram and what happens along the way after he falls in love with the daughter of a local don.^[11] Principal photography began on 27 September 2012. Filming began in October 2012 and was wrapped up by May 2013.^[12]


The film was released in the overseas markets^[2][3] on 8 August 2013 and in India on 9 August 2013. Extensive paid previews were held in India on 8 August 2013 as well.^[13][14][15] Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics. Despite this, the film broke several records in India and abroad^[13] and became the fastest film to collect 1 billion (US$15 million).^[14]


The film surpassed Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani and was the highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2013. The film broke the record held by 3 Idiots (2009) in the domestic market^[16] and was declared a Blockbuster in India by Box Office India.^[17][18] It is also the third highest-grossing Bollywood film in overseas markets. Chennai Express went on to become the highest-grossing Bollywood film worldwide, surpassing 3 Idiots.^[6][7]

Contents

• 1 Plot


• 2 Cast


• 3 Production
  
  
  
  • 3.1 Development
  
  
  • 3.2 Casting
  
  
  • 3.3 Filming
  
  
  
  


• 4 Release
  
  
  
  • 4.1 Statistics
  
  
  • 4.2 Marketing
  
  
  • 4.3 Controversies
  
  
  
  


• 5 Music
  
  
  
  • 5.1 Critical response
  
  
  
  


• 6 Critical reception
  
  
  
  • 6.1 India
  
  
  • 6.2 Overseas
  
  
  
  


• 7 Box office
  
  
  
  • 7.1 India
  
  
  • 7.2 Overseas
  
  
  • 7.3 Records
  
  
  
  


• 8 Notes


• 9 References


• 10 External links

Plot

Rahul Mithaiwala (Shahrukh Khan) is a forty-year-old bachelor who lives in Mumbai.
Rahul's parents died in a car accident when he was eight years old, so
he was brought up by his grandparents. His grandfather has a
sweet-selling chain store – Y.Y. Mithaiwala. Before his birth centenary
celebration, two of Rahul's friends suggest a vacation in Goa, which he accepts. On the eve of the celebration, his grandfather dies whilst watching a cricket match. His grandmother tells him that his grandfather desired to have his ashes divided into two parts – to be immersed in the Ganges River and Rameswaram
respectively. She requests Rahul to go to Rameswaram and immerse them.
Rahul reluctantly accepts her request but was also eager to attend the
Goa trip. He and his friends thus make plans to dump the ashes at Goa.
They are forced to change the plan when Rahul's grandmother wanted to
personally see him off. This forces him to travel by train and he books a
single ticket on the Chennai Express. He plans to meet his
friends at the Kalyan Junction station from where they would travel to
Goa by car. Rahul forgets to take his grandfather's ashes on reaching
the station and when he comes back to get it, the train started to roll
on its wheels. While trying to step off of the train, he notices a girl
(apparently South Indian) running to catch the train. He helps her board
the moving train. He then sees four people running behind to catch the
train, helps them all to get in and himself misses the platform to get
off.


He tries to flirt with the girl, assuming she does not know his language. To his surprise, she starts communicating by singing parodies of Hindi
film music, so that the others don't understand. Rahul, on her demand,
lends his mobile phone so that she can contact her friends; the men with
her throw it away from the moving train. He gets annoyed by this,
however keeps quiet seeing that they carry weapons and guns along. He
informs the ticket examiner about them but they push the man into a lake
below the railway bridge. Extremely panicked, Rahul learns that those
men were actually kidnapping her and that her real name was Meenalochni
Azhagusundaram (Deepika Padukone) a.k.a. Meenamma. She was trying to flee from a forced marriage to Tangaballi (Nikitin Dheer). Her father Durgeshwara Azhagusundaram (Sathyaraj), is a powerful headman of the Komban Kaum (an anagram of Kumbakonam) in Tamil Nadu. He wants her to marry Tangaballi so that he would assume control of the neighboring village as well.

Rahul (Shahrukh Khan) helps Meenamma (Deepika Padukone) board the train, a spoof of the famous train scene in Khan's 1995 film Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge.

Meena takes Rahul to her father and introduces him as her lover. Tangaballi challenges Rahul for a duel which he accepts in sign language. On the night of the fight, Rahul escapes with the help of a local Sikh
policeman but in the turn of events, ends up in Komban Kaum again.
Surrounded by sickle-wielding henchmen of Azhagusundaram, Rahul then
pretends to take Meena as hostage and escapes again in her father's
favorite car. When the jeep breaks down, they quarrel and go separate
ways. But, Rahul not knowing which way to go, comes back to Meena who
takes him to the Vidhamba village where a wedding was taking place.
Meena lies to the people that they are a married couple who have eloped
and needed protection and rest.


The villagers grow fond of the couple and take care of them as long
as they stay. Meena realises that she has fallen in love with Rahul.
When Rahul has plans of leaving secretly, Meena does not want to earn
the distrust of the affectionate villagers. As he tries to leave, he is
caught by Tangaballi but the villagers help them escape again. Meena who
persuades him to immerse his grandpa's ashes travels with Rahul to
Rameswaram. There they complete the rites and on their way back, Rahul,
realising that he has also fallen for Meena, does not tell her where
they're going. He takes Meena back to her father again and tries to make
him understand and honor his daughter's wish. He also confesses for the
first time that he loves her. Rahul tells Tangaballi and his goons that
he has come ready for the fight this time. In the fight that follows,
Rahul though severely injured emerges the winner. Meena's father and
Tangaballi finally turn over a new leaf and accept that the heart of a
common man like Rahul is much bigger than their physical ability and
political clout. Azhagusundaram, allows Rahul to marry his daughter, the
twist that changed his life forever. When they finally unite, the film
leaves a message that love knows no barriers of region or language and
that with a strong heart, there is no limit to what a common man can
achieve.

Cast

• Deepika Padukone as Meenalochni Azhagusundaram


• Shahrukh Khan as Rahul Mithaiwala


• Sathyaraj as Durgeshwara Azhagusundaram, Meena's Father^[19]


• Nikitin Dheer as Tangaballi


• Kamini Kaushal as Rahul's Grandmother^[20]


• Lekh Tandon as Y.Y Mithaiwala (Rahul's Grandfather)^[20]


• Mukesh Tiwari as Samsher, Inspector of Komban area


• Priyamani in an item song "1 2 3 4 Get on the Dance Floor"

Production

Development

Sandeep Mishra and Rohit Shetty had originally planned to team up for a remake of the 1982 film Angoor. After the 2011 blockbuster Singham, Rohit Shetty had begun writing the script of the film but left it mid-way. Incidentally, he had the script of Chennai Express ready to be narrated to Khan as a back-up due to the difficulty of obtaining the actor's filming dates.^[21] Upon being narrated the script, Khan was impressed with the idea of Chennai Express and agreed to star in it before the Angoor remake. With this development, the remake of Angoor was pushed back. When Rohit
was asked about the story of the film, he said, "It's a hard-core
commercial film with a romantic angle. The story is about this man's
travel from Mumbai to Rameshwaram and what happens during the journey."^[22] About 68 minutes of footage were augmented with CGI by Reliance MediaWorks.^[23]

Casting

Shah Rukh Khan was the first actor to be approached with the script,
and hence the first lead actor to be signed for the film. Incidentally, Rohit
stated that despite the title, Khan would not play the role of a South
Indian in the film. The casting of the lead heroine was speculated for a
good deal of time. Names such as Kareena Kapoor, Asin Thottumkal and Deepika Padukone were rumoured by the media.^[24]
In an interview, a visibly angry Shetty denied all rumours surrounding
the leading heroine, stating that the cast would be finalised in April
2012 and that he was going to cast an established actress as the leading
lady.^[25] However, in October 2012, it was confirmed that Deepika Padukone
had been signed to play the lead opposite Khan, when stills were
released from the set showing Padukone and Khan shooting. This would be
her second film opposite Khan, with whom she made her Bollywood debut
with in the 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Om.^[26][27]


Rohit Shetty wanted Manorama to play Deepika Padukone's aunt^[28] but dropped the idea later. Sathyaraj was cast to play the role of Deepika's father and the main antagonist of Chennai Express, making his debut in Bollywood.^[29] Actress Priyamani was signed late January 2013 for an item number in the film.^[30] Other personalities from Tamil cinema cast in minor roles include Delhi Ganesh and Mohan Ram.

Filming

The Munnar Hill station in Kerala, one of the film's major locations.

The filming began at Mehboob Studio in Mumbai
on 5 October 2012 . The lead actor was dressed in black shirt and
pants; while the actress was in a South Indian attire, wearing Kanchipuram sari.^[26] Filming was done at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station with minimal crew members. These working stills of the lead actor were unofficially released in mid-October 2012.^[31] In November 2012, the cast and crew went to Goa for the first filming schedule.^[32] The railway station of Vasco da Gama was used to portray Kalyan. A romantic scene on board a train passing next to Dudhsagar Falls was also shot.^[33] In December 2012, the team travelled to Jakarta for filming some scenes.^[34] By early January 2013, the next schedule was supposed to happen in Ooty but Khan opined that the Ooty would be too far from commercial venue, Mumbai. Hence, recreation of the lanes of Ooty along with some of its tourist spots, was constructed as a set on the outskirts of Panchgani in Wai by art director Narendra Ruharikar. It took over 40 days to make the set at an estimated cost of 15 million (US$230,000).^[35][36] The Wai schedule of filming ran for entire month of March 2013.^[37] A 10-day shooting schedule began in Munnar, Kerala from mid of April 2013, scenes were canned at Devikulam Lake, Meesapulimala, Wagavara and Kannimala.^[38]
The shoot had to be stopped for a few days due to the heavy rainfall
and the schedule was slightly extended until end of the same month.^[39] A press conference was also held in the town Munnar.^[40] In May 2013, certain scenes were canned in North Goa^[41][42] The lead actress wrapped up all her portions of shoot on 25 May 2013.^[43] Khan flew to Hyderabad by end of May 2013 for remaining filming.^[44] The film has several Tamil dialogues, but sans subtitles, to retain context.^[45]

Release

Shah Rukh Khan has a strong fanbase and the demand for the movie is
enormous overseas. We are releasing the movie in over seven
non-traditional markets and the movie will also witness a day and date
release for the first time in Peru for any Hindi film.^[46]

—Amrita Pandey, Executive Director,
(Syndication, International Distribution and Disney Media Distribution),
Studious, Disney UTV, said in a statement.

The film had paid previews in India on 8 August 2013 with 10–12 shows at multiplexes.^[47]

The jump in weekday ticket prices is largely due to the fact that
currently they are sold at a lower price. Eid has been traditionally
good for business and during the Eid week, we expect to sell more
tickets than we do in a full month otherwise. A Shah Rukh Khan film is
coming after nine months and history shows that Rohit Shetty's films
have not gone wrong at the box office.^[48]

—Anand Vishal, Head of Operations, Fun Cinemas told Mirror.

Chennai Express, besides domestic and usual international
markets, was scheduled to be released in non-traditional international
markets. In Peru, it was the first Hindi film to be released on the same
day as in India. Earlier, Shah Rukh Khan-starrer My Name Is Khan and Hrithik Roshan-starrer Guzaarish opened as delayed releases in Peru. The film was also released in Morocco, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, France and Israel.^[46]


The price of tickets for Chennai Express will cost up to 40
percent more than usual tariff. The raise, which includes 40 per cent
increase in ticket prices during the weekday shows and up to a 20
percent hike over the weekend, will not be uniform across all
multiplexes. Increasing ticket prices around festivals is not unusual
but this much raise is uncommon.^[48]

Statistics

The film was released in 2550 cinemas in 3,550 screens (includes 1000 single screens) in India,^[49] and 700 screens internationally (including 195 screens in the United States, 175 in the United Kingdom,^[50] 55 in the Middle East and 30 in Australia), making it the widest Bollywood release of all time.^[5][51][52]

Marketing

The first look of Chennai Express was revealed on 1 January 2013.^[53] A thirty-one seconds title track teaser sung by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam was released on 23 May 2013.^[54] The official trailer of the film was released at an event in Mumbai on 13 June 2013 and crossed the 4 million views mark on YouTube just two days after its launch.^[11] A platform running game based on the film, developed by Disney UTV's digital wing, titled Chennai Express: Escape from Rameshwaram was launched on 24 July 2013 for Android
systems and featuring Shahrukh Khan & Deepika Padukone. It takes
the player on a roller-coaster ride where he has to fight off goons and
dodge obstacles like trucks, buses, cars, coconut carts, etc. to collect
more than 10,000 coins so as to unlock Deepika Padukone's game avatar.^[55]
The outfits donned by Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone in the film
was auctioned, and proceedings from the sale was gone for a charity.^[56] The auction took place around the day of its release.^[57] A Karaoke app was launched on 2 August 2013 for Android and iOS based smartphones developed by Singbox, a Sweden based gaming studio.^[58] The film's satellite rights were sold to Zee Network for 480 million. The deal was also linked to the film's box office collection, first of its kind in Indian cinema. If Chennai Express crossed the cut-off amount, which was said to be around 1.3 billion (US$20 million) nett, then for every 100 million earned after that, the producers get an additional 20 million.^[59]


Khan also promoted his film on reality television shows such as Comedy Nights with Kapil, DID Super Moms, Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6 and Indian Idol Junior.^[60] The film which premiered in television on 20 October 2013, fetched a record gross viewership, about double of that of the highest rated fiction show and helped to catapult its broadcaster, Zee TV to the top position among all General Entertainment Channels that month.^[61] The Zeitgeist, Google's year-end compilation of the most frequent search queries, named Chennai Express the most trending topic in India for year 2013.^[62]

Controversies

Chennai Express along with Akshay Kumar starrer Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai Dobara
were initially abandoned by Pakistani distributors and exhibitors in
the interest of four of their films releasing on the same day that was 8
August, but both films later changed their date to 9 and 15 August
respectively.^[63] During its Wai schedule of filming, the film's unit ran in trouble for over use of water from Dhom Dam in drought-hit Satara district of Maharashtra. The state's Relief and Rehabilitation minister Patangrao Kadam raised his concern for the same.^[64]


The film's poster and trailer, released on Twitter and YouTube, were criticised by some Tamil media for depicting Tamil ethos
in poor light. The heavily accented dialogue delivery by Deepika
Padukone resembled a Malayalee accent rather than Tamil, according to
them.^[65][66]
Padukone however defended the film, claiming that it does not spoof
South Indian culture and adding that nearly the entire crew (including
herself) are South Indians, she said, "Why would we spoof our own
culture?"^[67]


Adopting an aggressive stance on Wednesday, 31 July 2013 the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena's
Film Wing threatened to disrupt and stop its release on 8 August as it
reportedly attempted to dislodge ongoing popular Marathi movies from
single-screen cinemas in the state. The party was upset with reports
that the Rohit Shetty directed movie had demanded prime slots in single
screen cinemas and even some multiplexes in the state where the superhit
Marathi film Duniyadari
has been running to packed houses since 19 July. Later, on 1 August
2013, both the film directors, Rohit Shetty and Sanjay Jadhav were
called on Raj Thackeray to hammer out a solution. After listening to both parties, Thackeray ruled that if Duniyadari was not removed from single screen cinemas across the state, then the MNS would not object to the release and run of Chennai Express in Maharashtra.^[68]

Music

Chennai Express
Soundtrack album by Vishal-Shekhar
Released	1 July 2013
Recorded	2012–2013
Genre	Feature film soundtrack
Length	39:34
Language	Hindi
Label	T-Series
Vishal-Shekhar chronology
Gippi (2013) Chennai Express (2013) Gori Tere Pyaar Mein (2013)

The music score of the film was composed by the duo Vishal-Shekhar. Amitabh Bhattacharya and Yo Yo Honey Singh
stamped their lyrics in the album. Recording of the songs began in late
October 2012. The track "Ready Steady Po" was attributed as "insane" by
the music composers and was recorded by November 2012.^[69]
Several sources claimed that the director and actor were unsatisfied
with the score of the film and hence the former were reported to rework
entirely.^[70] However, the composers denied all such rumours.^[71] In mid-April 2013, singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
recorded the title track for the film, marking his return to Bollywood
for playback post fifteen years. He claimed the song celebrates the
spirit of togetherness. Initially, the singer was apprehensive but opted
to sing considering the content and leads of the film.^[54] The song "1 2 3 4 get on the dance floor" was released as a promotional single on World Music Day.
On 27 June 2013, the video promo of the song "Titli" was released and
on 11 July 2013, the promo video of "Kashmir Main Tu Kanyakumari" was
released. On 19 July 2013, T-Series has uploaded a song on its official channel of YouTube named as "Lungi Dance – The 'Thalaivar(r)' Tribute" in honour of the South Indian film actor Rajinikanth and sung by Honey Singh.^[72] On 25 July 2013 a promo video of the song "Tera Rasta Main Chhodoon Na" was released.


The music album was launched on 1 July 2013.^[73]

Tracklist
No.	Title	Singer(s)	Length
1.	"1 2 3 4 Get on the Dance Floor"	Vishal–Shekhar, Hamsika Iyer	3:48
2.	"Titli"	Gopi Sunder, Chinmayi	5:50
3.	"Tera Rastaa Chhodoon Na"	Anusha Mani, Amitabh Bhattacharya	4:13
4.	"Kashmir Main Tu Kanyakumari"	Sunidhi Chauhan, Arijit Singh, Neeti Mohan	5:07
5.	"Ready Steady Po"	Brodha V, Smokey, Enkore, Natalie Di Luccio	3:28
6.	"Chennai Express"	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Jonita Gandhi	4:47
7.	"Titli (Dubstep Version)"	Zoheb Khan, Phoenyx	3:40
8.	"Chennai Express (Mashup)"	DJ Kiran Kamath	3:37
9.	"Lungi Dance"	Yo Yo Honey Singh	4:36
Total length:			39:34

Critical response

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
Devesh Sharma (Filmfare)[74]
IBN Live[75]
Yashika Mathur (Daily News and Analysis)[76]
Joginder Tuteja (Rediff)[77]

The soundtrack album of Chennai Express received positive reviews. Devesh Sharma of Filmfare
gave the album 4/5, saying that one should opt to listen to the music
of the film, because it is full of new music and zany surprises. He also
said that Vishal-Shekhar had put in a lot of effort to bring out their best for the film. ^[74]


IBN Live
gave the album 3.5/5 and said that "Here's another winner from
Vishal-Shekar. It is likely to appeal music lovers of all age-groups and
sentiments. An entertaining all-rounder, the composers must be
applauded for fusing different music and beats to pep up the otherwise
usual Bollywood music."^[75]


Yashika Mathur of DNA gave the album 3.5/5 and stating that Chennai Express has a soothing, typical Bollywood soundtrack that music lovers will enjoy. She praised the mixing of the peppy songs as "exceptional".^[76]


Joginder Tuteja of Rediff.com gave the album 3/5 and wrote, "Rohit Shetty is said to have kept the narrative of Chennai Express quite fast -paced, and the music should complement that overall flavour of the film."^[77]


Anand Holla of Mumbai Mirror
has said that "It's easy to imagine director Rohit Shetty's crystal
clear brief to Vishal-Shekhar, involving words such as catchy, peppy,
fun, and of course 'hit songs'. Given how happily formulaic the
soundtrack has turned out, V–S have given us a fair idea of what awaits
us this Eid."^[78]

Critical reception

Chennai Express received mixed reviews from critics in India and abroad.^[79]

India

Khan (top) and Padukone (bottom) attracted positive reviews for their performance and chemistry in the film

Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama
gave the movie 4/5 stars and wrote "On the whole, Chennai Express has
the trademark Rohit Shetty stamp all over. You seek entertainment,
entertainment and entertainment in a film like Chennai Express and the
movie lives up to the hype and hoopla surrounding it."^[80] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare
rated the movie 4/5 stars, stating, "The film's peppered with humorous
set pieces and colourful locales and songs. Rohit Shetty makes
chettinad-style masala movies. And that's the perfect description of
this film. If you don't plan to engage in a multi-lateral critique of
dramatic elements and narrative, this film can be fun."^[81] Sarita Tanwar Of DNA
gave the movie 3.5/5 stars and said that, "This is a treat for all
Hindi film lovers. It has all the ingredients you'd expect from a big
commercial masala film – big star cast, drama, action, comedy, songs,
the car chases and the big finish, all delivered in Rohit Shetty's
unapologetic ishtyle...Overall, this is a bubblegum blockbuster."^[82] Meena Iyer of Times of India
gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, saying, "Chennai Express is a magnificently
mounted film. In an ode to his own cinema—read Golmaal series or Bol
Bachchan, Rohit Shetty, the director, who has grossers in Bollywood's
100-crore club, ups the scale for his Eid offering."^[83]


Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV
gave the movie 3/5 stars and said that, "The whole-hearted zeal that
SRK and Deepika bring to the table and the steady flow of funny
one-liners serve Shetty's purpose well, turning Chennai Express into a
full-on masala film that is completely unapologetic about its
intentions. And that is its USP."^[84] Zee News
rated the movie 3/5 stars, stating, "If you ignore the few clichés (the
repetition of 'DDLJ' scenes and the lines that we have heard SRK
speaking in his popular films), the lack of punch in the script and even
the high predictability factor, then you are onboard for a fun ride
with 'Chennai Express'!"^[85] India Today
gave the film 3 stars: "The good news first. "Chennai Express" is a
pleasant and likeable film in parts. The bad news is, it does nothing
for Shah Rukh Khan's imdomitable star power except to tell us he can
still play a 40-year Rahul without faltering."^[86] Abhishek Gupta of India TV
gave it 2.5 stars and wrote, "The comedy along with the action is
rarely served with equal entertainment in today's cinema. We discern
Rohit Shetty for his mass leisure which includes cars fluttering from
the unknown corners and comedy which isn't slapstick but works."^[87]


Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express
gave the movie 2.5/5 stars, and wrote, "The film's pair is trying to
have some fun, and comes up with some genuinely funny moments. Padukone
looks lovely and sticks to a spunky over –the- topness, and doesn't
waver, till she's made to go all emotional. That's when her graph dips.
That's when Shah Rukh's raffish charm slips. And that is also when
'Chennai Express' derails. And wannakum becomes wannago."^[88] Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com
gave the film 2.5 stars, saying "Chennai Express evokes a few laughs
but otherwise it decides to shift tracks from droll comedy to dreadful
drama."^[89] Khalid Mohamed of Deccan Chronicle gave the film 2.5 stars and commented "board Chennai Express at your own risk."^[90] Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN
gave the film 2/5 rating and commented "[Chennai Express] is a big, fat
bore. A bloated vanity project for an actor capable of so much more."^[91] Mayank Shekhar of Dainik Bhaskar rated it 1 (out of 5) stars, saying "You've paid for the ticket? Yes. Now just sit back and suffer."^[92]

Overseas

Rachel Saltz of The New York Times
wrote, "Chennai Express" feels like a sumptuous meal with carefully
chosen wine and tasty appetizers but a botched main course. Money and
visual care have been lavished on this Bollywood action-comedy-romance
and glossy stars engaged (Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone). But the
movie chugs along for most of its 2 hours and 20 minutes searching for
comedy and characters in a frantically overplotted story."^[93] Sneha May Francis of Emirates 24/7
wrote "Rohit Shetty's s(h)tyle of romance relies heavily on buffoonery
and will be applauded mainly by Shah Rukh Khan loyalists". She added
"Rohit's carnival-like comedy coaxes some laughs, but can leave you
exhausted." Sneha argued that Deepika's performance "outshines" that of
Shahrukh in the movie.^[94] Ronnie Scheib of Variety
wrote "Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone are ill matched in this
overworked comedy/romance/actioner ... Shetty's need to maintain his
characters' romantic heroism constantly grates against his depictions of
their ridiculousness."^[95] Simon Foster of the Special Broadcasting Service
gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and described it as "a loud,
lame-brained romantic comedy from the (very) broad directorial brush of
Rohit Shetty, SRK's over-hyped vehicle sees the charismatic but ageing
actor badly miscast and easily overshadowed by his leading lady, Deepika
Padukone."^[96]

Box office

See also: List of highest-grossing Bollywood films

Chennai Express became the highest grossing Bollywood film in India and around the world by collecting 3.95 billion (US$60 million) at the end of its run. The film beat the 3.92 billion (US$60 million) record set by 3 Idiots according to Box Office India.^[97][98]

India

Chennai Express collected very well in paid previews on Thursday. According to Box Office India, the total collections of the Hindi version were 67.50 million (US$1.0 million), thereby surpassing the previous record held by 3 Idiots.^[99] The film collected 292.50 million (US$4.5 million) on its opening day, making it the second highest opening day collection behind Ek Tha Tiger.^[100][101] The film broke the second day and third day box office records as well collecting 264.30 million (US$4.0 million)^[102][103] and 292.10 million (US$4.5 million) respectively^[49] and collected 870.8 million (US$13 million) (938.3 million (US$14 million) including paid previews^[104]), breaking the previous weekend record set by Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani.^[105][106] Chennai Express set another record for worldwide opening, earning 1.59 billion (US$24 million) in the three-day weekend.^[107][108] The film fared well on Monday collecting over 120 million (US$1.8 million).^[14] It grossed 115 million (US$1.8 million) nett on its first Tuesday, thus becoming the highest grossing Shahrukh Khan starrer film in India.^[109][110] The film remained steady and grossed 125.60 million (US$1.9 million) on Wednesday.^[111][112]


Box Office India reported that the film grossed 190 million (US$2.9 million) nett on Thursday, taking its first week total (including paid previews) to 1.461.50 billion (US$22 million), beating the previous record of Ek Tha Tiger.^{[113][114][115]} It had a worldwide gross of 2.5 billion (US$38 million) in the first seven days.^[116] The film collected 225.50 million (US$3.5 million) on its second weekend, taking the total domestic nett to 1.68 billion (US$26 million), and also became the second highest grossing Bollywood film in ten days with a worldwide gross of 3.14 billion (US$48 million).^[117][118]


The film earned 1.85 billion (US$28 million) in two weeks and amounted to 1.94 billion (US$30 million) after its third weekend in the domestic market.^[119] The film grossed 160 million (US$2.4 million) in its third week, bringing up its total to 2.00.75 billion (US$31 million).^[120] Chennai Express broke the domestic nett record set by 3 Idiots in its fourth weekend^[121][122] and added around 57.40 million (US$880,000) in week four to take the total to 2.06 billion (US$32 million).^{[16][18][123]} After its sixth week, the film ended its run for a final total of 2.08 billion (US$32 million).^{[124][125][a]}

Overseas

Also at overseas, the film broke records, with paid previews in the
UK amounting more than any first day of a Bollywood film in the UK.^[127] The film made opening weekend records in foreign territories taking in a total of 504.70 million (US$7.7 million), including record collections from key markets USA ($2.22 million), UAE (AED 7.73 million) and UK (£934,118).^{[13][128][129][130]} Chennai Express set a record opening weekend overseas gross of US $7.1 million.^[131] It proved a big hit in Pakistan as the film collected $300,000 [Rs. 18.4 million] in its opening weekend.^[132] By 18 August, the film broke all box office records in Pakistan's biggest city, Karachi, by grossing over 40 million rupees.^[133][134] The film earned 720 million ($11, 667,477) in just nine days in overseas.^{[135][136][137]} By the second weekend, the film grossed around $14 million.^[138] Chennai Express grossed about US$16 million by its third weekend overseas.^[139] The film took its overseas total to US$16.85 million by the fourth weekend.^[140] By the fifth weekend, the film grossed about US$17.25 million abroad.^[141] The film was still collecting in its sixth weekend, taking its total to US$17.40 million.^[142]

Records

Upon release, the film broke the following records:

Box office record	Record details	Previous record holder	Ref.
Number of screens	3,700 screens	Dabangg 2 (2012, 3,450 screens)	[143]
Paid previews	67.50 million (US$1.0 million)	3 Idiots (2009, 27.50 million (US$420,000))	[99][144]
Second day	264.30 million (US$4.0 million)	Ra.One (2011, 229 million (US$3.5 million))	[145]
Third day	292.10 million (US$4.5 million)	Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013, 224.40 million (US$3.4 million))	[49]
Opening weekend	1 billion (US$15 million) (920 million (US$14 million) including paid previews)	Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (630 million (US$9.6 million))	[104]
Opening week	1.39 billion (US$21 million) (1.461.50 billion (US$22 million) including paid previews)	Ek Tha Tiger (2012, 1.28 billion (US$20 million))	[114]
Worldwide opening weekend	1.59 billion (US$24 million)	Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (1.07 billion (US$16 million))	[107]
Opening weekend in the United States	$2,220,497	My Name Is Khan (2010, $1,944,027)	[128][129][146]
Overseas opening weekend	$7,100,000	My Name Is Khan ($5,300,000)	[13][147]
Worldwide gross	3.95 billion (US$60 million)	3 Idiots 3.92 billion (US$60 million)	[148][7]
Days to reach 1 billion (US$15 million)	3 days (including paid previews)	Ek Tha Tiger (6 days)	[14][49]
Days to reach 2 billion (US$31 million)	21 days	3 Idiots (56 days)	[149]
Television Premiere	55.5 million views	3 Idiots (43 million)	[150][151]

Notes

1. Jump up ^ While Box Office India confirms that the film grossed 2.08 billion (US$32 million) at the end of its run, other trade analysts like Taran Adarsh and Komal Nahta claimed an 8-percent higher figure of 2.27 billion (US$35 million).^[126] Nevertheless, Box Office India's figures have been used.

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